CNC
Machine
This is
the actual machine where the finished product made. I already mentioned the
parts of the CNC machine above this heading. This is the housing of headstock,
tailstock, foot switch, chuck, and tool turret.
How CNC Machine Works?
The above all the details I have explained is all
about the CNC machine. The CNC machine works based on CAD and CAM programs and
computer control. CAD (Computer-Aided Design) is drawing software. Also, CAD
software is used to increase the productivity of the designer, improve the
quality of design, improve communications through documentation, and to create
a database for manufacturing. Whereas, CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing)
having two codes like G-code and M-codes on which all the programs are written
and feed into the machine to perform the various operations. (i.e. turning,
grooving operation in a lathe)
Here is the example of steps:
The first step is, write and Insert the part program
which is (G and M code) into the Machine Control Unit of the CNC machine. Now
all the data process takes place and according to the program it prepares
commands and sends it to the driving system. The drive system controls the
motion and velocity of the machine tool. The feedback system records the
position and velocity measurement of the machine tool and sends a feedback
signal to the MCU. In MCU, the feedback signals are compared with the reference
signals and if there are errors, it corrects it and sends new signals to the
machine tool for the right operation to happen. The display unit is used to see
all the commands, programs, and other important data.
Types
of CNC Machine:
- CNC machines are can be classified into the following types:
- ·
CNC
laser cutting machine
- ·
CNC
Lathe Machine
- ·
CNC
Milling Machine
- ·
CNC
router Machine
- ·
CNC
Plasma Cutting Machine
- ·
5-
axis machine
- ·
3-D
Printer
- ·
Pick
and Place Machine
CNC
laser cutting machine:
As the name itself indicates “Laser cutting” it means
the cutting operation is carried by laser and the operation code is fed into
machine runs automatically, it is called CNC laser cutting machine. This
machine is used for sheet cutting. nIt provides a better surface finish. Even
do the complicated design can be made in this you just have to feed the program
according to it? The machine cost is very high. The major problem face is like
when machine parts got damage it takes time to fix because of unavailability in
the market.
CNC
Lathe Machine:
Before moving further on the CNC Lathe machine I wanna
tell you that I have covered Lathe Machine in detail, I have discussed every
possible point on the lathe machine you should check it too. Now moving to CNC
Lathe machine. CNC stands for Computerized numerically controlled. This is
widely used as a lathe in the present time because of its fast and accurate
working. It is one of the most advanced types. It uses computer programs to
control the machine tool. Once the program is fed into the computer as per the
program it starts operation with very high speed and accuracy. Even do
preplanned programmed machine is there in which once code is set for the
various operations it can starts operation without changing code in the next
time. A semi-skilled worker can easily operate this after the initial setup is
done. These types of lathes are also used for mass production like capstan and
turret but there is no programmed fed system. The components manufactured by
these lathes are very accurate in dimensional tolerances.
CNC
Milling Machine:
As we know Milling Machine is a process of
metal-removing by feeding the workpiece passes through the rotating multipoint
cutter. This machine is used to make gears like Spur gears, and also drill the
workpiece bore, and produce slots. The same work is performed in CNC Milling by
inserting the part program into the system. A semi-skilled worker can easily
operate this after the initial setup is done. These types of machines are also
used for mass production like capstan and turret but there is no programmed fed
system.The components manufactured by this machine are very accurate in dimensional
tolerances.
CNC
Router Machine:
It works similarly as other CNC machines like lathe or
Milling do. The main difference is, it does all the carpenter work manually
like such as door carvings, interior and exterior decorations, wood panels, signboards,
wooden frames, moldings, musical instruments, furniture, and so on. As per
sketch, you can design if possible you can make into the system then execute on
this machine. It provides a better surface finish. This will be a very good
machine in terms of the design of the door and more.
CNC
Plasma Cutting Machine:
The Plasma cutting machine is defined as It is a
process that cuts through electrically conductive materials using an
accelerated jet of hot plasma. Whereas CNC Plasma cutting machine is defined as
the cutting operation are done by a computer numerically controlled system. We
studied CNC laser cutting above the main difference between them is, one
operation perform by laser which is very costly and whereas the other one is
hot plasma which is less costly and these are portables. As the industry grows,
new technology is invented these are one of them. Provide a better surface
finish.
5-
axis machine:
It is a machine in which there is a total of 5 axes. Initially, it was 3 axis (X, Y, and Z) the
cutting operation of any instrument was done in the 3 direction but 2
additional axes added (A, B) which means there are total 5 axes, works are cut
are done in the 5 direction. 5 The Axis machine is used for making sculptures.
3-D
Printer:
3D Printer is a CNC machine in which the metals are
printed layer by layer. The 3D printer works for the printing of buildings and
complexes. The design and drawing are made by the CAD and CAM process and then
3D Printer works for visualizing that design.
Pick
and Place Machine:
This is another great type of machine. It is used in
the industry. Let’s understand by a simple example. The company Amazon having a
warehouse where it used to keep a large quantity of the items. If the items are
adjusted manually it takes a great time to avoid that this machine introduces
to pick and place the items.
